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Learn it your way
A short class with Sarah and her students. The other ways are under More.
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Today we're going to explore reported speech. Can anyone tell me what comes to mind when they hear 'reported speech'?
Is it when we tell someone else what someone else said?
Exactly! It's about relaying someone else's words without quoting them directly. Why do you think this is important?
It helps keep our speech fluent and continuous, right?
Correct! It allows for smoother dialogue. Now let's dive deeper into the changes that occur in reported speech.
One critical aspect of reported speech is the tense shift. For instance, if I say, 'I am learning,' what happens when we report that?
It would change to 'He said he was learning'?
That's right! The present tense changes to the past tense. Remember, it's a backward shift in time. Can anyone identify the tense of the original statement and the reported one?
The original is present and the reported is past!
Exactly! Let's repeat this. Present becomes past, past becomes past perfect. Can you think of other examples?
Now, let's discuss pronouns. When changing to reported speech, pronouns must align with the perspective of the reporting speaker. For example, 'I will come' changes to 'He said he would come.' What changes have occurred here?
The 'I' became 'he' because it refers to someone else?
Correct! You adjust the pronouns to fit the narrator's perspective. Let's practice some more!
So, if I say, 'I like chocolate,' it would become 'She said she liked chocolate'?
Perfect! You're getting the hang of it.
Let's address time and place indicators now. If I say, 'I will do it tomorrow,' what will that be in reported speech?
'He said he would do it the next day.' Right?
Exactly! 'Tomorrow' became 'the next day'. Can anyone think of other terms that might change?
'Here' becomes 'there' and 'now' becomes 'then'!
Well done! Remember these important shifts when you're crafting your sentences.
Now, let's put what we've discussed into practice. How would you report this sentence: 'I am going to the market.'?
'He said he was going to the market.'?
Great! Let's try another one: 'I will call you later.'
'She said she would call me later.'
Well done! Engaging in these practices helps reinforce your understanding. What did we learn today, everyone?
Tense shifts, pronoun changes, and time/place adjustments!
Exactly! Keep these rules in mind as they will greatly improve your communication skills.
The difference between quoting someone directly and paraphrasing their words.
Recognizing how tenses shift backward in time.
Changing pronouns based on the perspective of the speaker.
Adjusting temporal and spatial references.
Shift the tense and change the way, when you report what others say.
Imagine a storyteller at a campfire, weaving tales of what friends say but not repeating their exact words. This storyteller adjusts the story based on who is listening, just like we adjust reported speech.
For tense: F-P: Future-Past (Always shift to past!), for pronouns: M-W: Me-We (change to match speaker perspective).
TPT: Tense, Pronoun, Time for remembering steps in converting to reported speech.
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What is reported speech?
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What happens to tenses in reported speech?
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How do pronouns change in reported speech?
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Do time indicators change in reported speech?
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The act of relaying what someone else has said without quoting their exact words.
Changing the verb tense when transforming direct speech to reported speech.
Words that replace nouns, which change according to the subject.
Words that denote the time or location which may change during transformation.
Reported speech involves converting direct statements to indirect ones, requiring tense shifts and pronoun adjustments.
This section delves into the transformation of direct speech into reported speech, emphasizing the key changes that occur in tense, pronouns, and time/place indicators. Understanding these transformations is crucial for effective communication.
Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is the method of conveying what someone else has said without quoting their exact words. This transformation requires several adjustments:
Mastering reported speech is essential for achieving fluency in English as it enhances both spoken and written communication, allowing for smoother narration of conversations.