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A short class with Sarah and her students. The other ways are under More.
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A young man leaves his drought-hit village in Rajasthan and settles in Surat to work in a textile mill. Let's ask our five questions. From where to where?
From a village in Rajasthan to the city of Surat in Gujarat.
Did he cross a national border?
No, so it is internal migration. It is also rural to urban, and permanent because he settles there.
And why did he move?
Crop failure pushed him out of the village, and steady factory wages pulled him to the city.
Excellent. Every migration story can be read with these same questions.
Sugarcane cutters from Beed go to the sugar belt of western Maharashtra each year and come home when the season ends. What type of migration is that?
Seasonal internal migration, because they return after a few months and stay inside India.
Now a nurse from Kerala works in a hospital in the UAE for some years. What is she called?
An emigrant for India and an immigrant for the UAE.
Right. And the money she sends home?
Remittances. They help her family and the local economy.
In 1947, millions of people crossed the new border between India and Pakistan. Did they choose to move?
Most did not. They were forced to leave, so it was forced migration.
Now some numbers. A village sees 300 people arrive and 750 leave in a year. What is its net migration?
300 minus 750, which is minus 450. The village lost people.
And if a town gains 2,400 people and loses 1,500?
Plus 900. That town is growing because of migration.
who moved, from where to where, whether a border was crossed, for how long, and why.
internal migration stays within a country; international migration crosses a national border.
some migrants settle for good, while others move only for a season of work.
most migrants choose to move, but war, partition and disasters can force people out.
drought or joblessness pushes people away, while wages, schools and safety pull them in.
people moving in minus people moving out shows whether a place gains or loses people.
A young man from a drought-hit village in Rajasthan who settles in Surat to work in a textile mill is an internal, rural–urban, permanent migrant.
Sugarcane cutters from Beed in Marathwada who work in the sugar belt of western Maharashtra for the cutting season and then return home are seasonal migrants.
A nurse from Kerala working in a hospital in the UAE is an emigrant for India and an immigrant for the UAE, and her remittances support her family.
At the Partition of India in 1947, millions of people were forced to cross the new border between India and Pakistan.
Who, where, border, how long, why: ask all five and you'll classify.
Two cousins left the same village. Ravi went to Surat and stayed for good; Sunil went to cut sugarcane each winter and came home every spring. Both were migrants, but Ravi's move was permanent and Sunil's was seasonal.
P.P.: Push from the place you leave, Pull to the place you reach.
I.P.V. - Internal or international, Permanent or seasonal, Voluntary or forced: the three ways to classify a move.
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What five questions help you analyse a migration example?
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Sugarcane cutters leave home for the cutting season and then return. What type of migration is this?
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A nurse moves from Kerala to the UAE. What is she for India, and what for the UAE?
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What is a remittance?
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300 people arrive in a village and 750 leave. What is the net migration?
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The movement of people from villages to towns and cities.
Moving to another place for part of the year, usually for seasonal work, and then returning home.
Migration in which people cross a national border to live in another country.
Migration in which people have little or no choice, for example because of war, partition or disasters.
A person who leaves their own country to settle in another.
A person who arrives in a new country from another country to settle there.
Money sent home by a migrant worker to family members.
The number of people moving into an area minus the number moving out.
Worked examples that show what migration looks like in real life, how to classify each move, and how the terms emigrant, immigrant and net migration are used.
This lesson teaches migration through examples. It gives five questions for reading any migration story (who moved, from where to where, whether a border was crossed, for how long, and why) and applies them to a family moving from a village to a city, sugarcane cutters who migrate with the seasons, a nurse who takes a job abroad, and the forced migration of the Partition of India in 1947. It ends with worked calculations of net migration for a town, a village and a state.
Migration is the permanent or semi-permanent movement of people from one place to another. For any example, ask five questions:
A young man from a drought-prone village in Rajasthan moves to Surat in Gujarat to work in a textile mill, and later brings his family to live with him.
Every year, after the monsoon, thousands of sugarcane cutters from drought-prone districts of Marathwada, such as Beed, travel to the sugar factory areas of western Maharashtra. They live near the fields for the cutting season and return home when it ends.
A nurse from Kerala takes a job in a hospital in the United Arab Emirates for some years and sends part of her salary home.
At the Partition of India in 1947, millions of people were forced to leave their homes and cross the new border between India and Pakistan. This was forced, international and mostly permanent migration. Floods, cyclones and droughts can also force people to move, sometimes only until they can return and rebuild.
Net migration = number of people moving in (immigrants or in-migrants) − number moving out (emigrants or out-migrants).
Positive net migration adds to a place's population; negative net migration reduces it, unless births are high enough to make up the difference.